Inviting Freshers of the class of 2010 to register with
us for a LIFE TIME OPPORTUNITY to work at our Mumbai / Pune / Bangalore / Chennai Centers ….
provided they meet ALL of the below criteria -
Education: Engineering ( CS / CE / IT / EE / ECE / EIE / Mechanical )/ M CA
Year of passing : 20 10 ( at first attempt )
Additional criteria:
1. Class X 60% and above
2. Class XII 60% and above
3. Undergraduate Degree 55 % and above (applicable to MCA students only)
4. Engineering / MCA – with FIRST CLASS.
5. Highest degree (applicable for MCA / Engineering only) should be accredited by AICTE (All India Centre for Technical Education)
6. There should not be more than 1 year gap between Class XII and Undergraduate / Engineering
7. There should not be more than 1 year gap between Undergraduate and MCA .
To REGISTER & UPLOAD RESUMES k indly click the link https://campus.oracle.com/campus/HR/india_main.html . & follow the below steps
Click on How to Apply
Click on Register . (The resume Id & the password will be emailed on registration to the mail ID used to register. Candidates need not take the Online test)
Login with the resume ID & Password to submit the resume & provide required information.
Eligible candidate will receive the mail / Call letter, requesting to appear for the Aptitude test / Interview on a specified date.
Go ahead, spread the message with this link https://campus.oracle.com/campus/HR/india_main.html .
The Last date for registration is 10 th Dec 2010 .
Regards,
Employee referral team
PN: Resumes sent to any of the individual mail ids will not be entertained.
Copyright © 2010, Oracle Corporation
and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Contact Us
Legal Notices and Terms of Use
Privacy Statement
Tuesday, November 30, 2010
Monday, November 29, 2010
ERP for GBS & Trade BPO
| | YOU LOVE WORKING AT HP… SO WILL YOUR FRIENDS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| We are constantly on the look-out for people who truly love what they do. If you know anyone that you think would be a great fit, refer them to HP! We believe that the people in the best position to recommend a new HP employee are those already working here. That’s why we have an … EMPLOYEE REFERRAL CAMPAIGN (ERP) YOU MAY BE REWARDED FOR MAKING A SUCCESSFUL REFERRAL! There are no limits to the number of referrals you can make! The more great people we hire, the better we become! We are currently sourcing candidates for the following vacancies: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | HOW TO REFER A CANDIDATE 1. To start, visit Job Searcher and click “I agree: Begin my Search” 2. Look for job vacancies using Job number 3. Select the job title to open up the requisition details 4. Click “Refer a friend” on the right 5. Follow the instructions and submit Note: · Rewards are only applicable to the positions that have ERP Bonus points. · Only resumes submitted via Job Searcher will be considered for referral. · The profile submitted by you shall remain live for 180 days. · HP does not charge any candidate nor has authorized any external agency to charge any fee for hiring To know more about the Employee Referral Program, click here. For any queries/clarification, please log a case via “Contact HR” – @ hp Portal > Home > Quick Links > Contact HR | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | 2010 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. HP is an equal opportunity employer, dedicated to workforce diversity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Urgent / AUTOMATION TESTING/TELECOM TESTING/ TCS / BANGALORE / Lead position
We, ProSearch Consultants an executive search company have openings with one of our prestigious client , TCS - BANGALORE having experience in Automated Testing.
Please check below the Job Profile :
TESTING & AUTOMATION : Scripting: Python / Perl / Shell, Testing of Telecom platform / applications (GSM / UMTS) with good know how of Signalling Protocols. Specifying, implementing, documenting and testing (functional and system testing) and developing test automation scripts FlexiPlatform testing purposes.
Minimum 50% aggregate marks in academics starting from STD X onwards
•Correspondence and Distance education based qualification is not recognized by TCS
•B.E / B. Tech/ MCA - with minimum 3+ year of experience
•Other degrees like Diploma/ B.Sc. /BCA with 3.5+ years of relevant experience
•Not more than 2 years of cumulative break in education and career
•Candidates who have appeared in the TCS selection process in the last 6 months are not eligible
Shud you be interested please revert with your updated profile in word doc mentioning the following details :
First Name :
Second Name :
Third Name :
Current Company :
Current Location :
Skill :
Contact.No :
Emaid ID :
CTC :
Expected Hike :
Mother’s Name :
Date of Birth :
PAN NO :
Notice Period :
Preferable timings for telecon :
Willing to relocate : Yes / No
Second Name :
Third Name :
Current Company :
Current Location :
Skill :
Contact.No :
Emaid ID :
CTC :
Expected Hike :
Mother’s Name :
Date of Birth :
PAN NO :
Notice Period :
Preferable timings for telecon :
Willing to relocate : Yes / No
NOTE : Mother’s Name, Date of Birth, PAN NO are mandatory for the registratiaon.
All the shortlisted Candidates will be having interviews very soon.
For any queries please feel free to call us.
Regards,
Vasanth / Sudha
ProSearch Consultants
Ph : 91-80-42039776 / 41722162
Vasanth / Sudha
ProSearch Consultants
Ph : 91-80-42039776 / 41722162
Note: You can forward it to your friends/relatives, but somebody you know may need it.
________________
EXP 2+ SIEBEL
Siebel Admin-DynPro Inc(Bengaluru/Bangalore)
http://jobsearch.naukri.com/mynaukri/mn_newminnernew.php?filename=181110001382&xz=0_0_25&xid=2010Nov25
Siebel-CTMS Implementation A client of iCresset Talent
Solutions(Bengaluru/Bangalore)
http://jobsearch.naukri.com/mynaukri/mn_newminnernew.php?filename=241110000115&xz=0_0_25&xid=2010Nov25
Birlasoft Ltd invites Siebel CRM consultants for Bangalore
location(Bengaluru/Bangalore, Noida)
http://jobsearch.naukri.com/mynaukri/mn_newminnernew.php?filename=231110000429&xz=0_0_25&xid=2010Nov25
Siebel Devloper-Patni Computer Systems Ltd(Hyderabad / Secunderabad, Mumbai)
http://jobsearch.naukri.com/mynaukri/mn_newminnernew.php?filename=251010000373&xz=0_0_25&xid=2010Nov25
Note: You can forward it to your friends/relatives, but somebody you know may need it.
Happy Job Hunting!!
Sunday, November 28, 2010
This is your chance to add to the HCL family and help us all grow!
Dear HCLite,
This is your chance to add to the HCL family and help us all grow! We are looking for professionals and experts who will contribute to our success and help us march into the future. We are conducting walk-ins and we need your help to bring in the best!
If you know people who possess the following skills and have between 0 and 1 years of experience, please share the event-related information with them, and ask them to participate in the event by quoting your employee number.
Pre-Requisites
Qualification
· Excellent written/oral communication skills
· Logical Reasoning & Quantitative Analysis
· Willingness to work in 24 x 7 environment including night shifts
GRADUATE in
· Bachelor of Arts
· Bachelor of Commerce
· Bachelor of Business Administration / Management
PLEASE DO NOT REFER MBA and B.Sc. Graduates
For all the requirements mentioned above, the work location is Bangalore.
Interviews will be conducted in Bangalore on November 25, 2010; the details of which will be shared via email with the candidate.
You may send the resumes to citi_recruitment2@hcl.com
Please Note:
Employee Referral Policy covers only those referred candidates who have 2 years of experience, hence candidates referred for this requirement will not be eligible for Bonus. For more details on Employee Referral Policy, kindly refer to Natasha.
Regards,
Team HR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For internal circulation only : Internal Communication – HR
cid:image002.gif@01CB7052.67B97E30
This is your chance to add to the HCL family and help us all grow! We are looking for professionals and experts who will contribute to our success and help us march into the future. We are conducting walk-ins and we need your help to bring in the best!
If you know people who possess the following skills and have between 0 and 1 years of experience, please share the event-related information with them, and ask them to participate in the event by quoting your employee number.
Pre-Requisites
Qualification
· Excellent written/oral communication skills
· Logical Reasoning & Quantitative Analysis
· Willingness to work in 24 x 7 environment including night shifts
GRADUATE in
· Bachelor of Arts
· Bachelor of Commerce
· Bachelor of Business Administration / Management
PLEASE DO NOT REFER MBA and B.Sc. Graduates
For all the requirements mentioned above, the work location is Bangalore.
Interviews will be conducted in Bangalore on November 25, 2010; the details of which will be shared via email with the candidate.
You may send the resumes to citi_recruitment2@hcl.com
Please Note:
Employee Referral Policy covers only those referred candidates who have 2 years of experience, hence candidates referred for this requirement will not be eligible for Bonus. For more details on Employee Referral Policy, kindly refer to Natasha.
Regards,
Team HR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For internal circulation only : Internal Communication – HR
cid:image002.gif@01CB7052.67B97E30
Software Developer – Trainee Req
Experience:0 Years
Job Title: Software Developer – Trainee
Location: Noida
Education:UG – Any Graduate – Any Specialization,B.Sc – Any Specialization, Computers, Electronics,B.Tech,B.E. – Any Specialization,BCA – Computers,Diploma – Any Specialization, PG – M.Sc – Any Specialization, Computers,M.Tech – Any Specialization,MCA – Computers,PG Diploma – Any Specialization
Name Of The Company: Vigor Infosolutions Pvt Ltd
No Of Openings: 10
Job Description:
After the successful completion of Software Developer Training Programee, trainees will automatically be on payroll of the company.
Please have an overview of our Training cum Job programme.
A. It Covers Three Modules: (Based on .Net)
Theoritical Part+Live Projects+Application Software
b. English Speaking + Personality Development Classes
Desired Profile:
We are hiring B.Tech/M.Tech/BCA /MCA/B.E/M.E fresher by providing Training cum job programs to full fill company requirements.
We are providing Training cum job: – For 3 months.
Company Profile:
VIGOR Infosolutions , Localizing IT, is an initiative to make IT affordable in remote and small cities of India. With Indian businesses still devoid of good IT support or are in its nascent stage, there is a huge potential ready to be exploited.
We commit to our vision of providing the best possible IT infrastructure to these businesses at most affordable prices.
VIGOR Infosolutions offers a complete package of IT solutions for small businesses customized for specific needs. We offer a wide range of services.Some of our benchmark services include website designing / development, software development, data recovery, e-commerce, social media promotion,networking solutions.
Contact Details:
Executive Name: Nidhi Bedi
Address:
Vigor Info Solutions
Sector- 10, First Floor,
D- 210
NOIDA,Uttar Pradesh,India 201301
Telephone: 9999649372
Email Address:nidhibedi@vigorinfosolutions.com
Reference ID: 232425
Note: You can forward it to your friends/relatives, but somebody you know may need it.
Happy Job Hunting!!
________________
With Regards,
Job Title: Software Developer – Trainee
Location: Noida
Education:UG – Any Graduate – Any Specialization,B.Sc – Any Specialization, Computers, Electronics,B.Tech,B.E. – Any Specialization,BCA – Computers,Diploma – Any Specialization, PG – M.Sc – Any Specialization, Computers,M.Tech – Any Specialization,MCA – Computers,PG Diploma – Any Specialization
Name Of The Company: Vigor Infosolutions Pvt Ltd
No Of Openings: 10
Job Description:
After the successful completion of Software Developer Training Programee, trainees will automatically be on payroll of the company.
Please have an overview of our Training cum Job programme.
A. It Covers Three Modules: (Based on .Net)
Theoritical Part+Live Projects+Application Software
b. English Speaking + Personality Development Classes
Desired Profile:
We are hiring B.Tech/M.Tech/BCA /MCA/B.E/M.E fresher by providing Training cum job programs to full fill company requirements.
We are providing Training cum job: – For 3 months.
Company Profile:
VIGOR Infosolutions , Localizing IT, is an initiative to make IT affordable in remote and small cities of India. With Indian businesses still devoid of good IT support or are in its nascent stage, there is a huge potential ready to be exploited.
We commit to our vision of providing the best possible IT infrastructure to these businesses at most affordable prices.
VIGOR Infosolutions offers a complete package of IT solutions for small businesses customized for specific needs. We offer a wide range of services.Some of our benchmark services include website designing / development, software development, data recovery, e-commerce, social media promotion,networking solutions.
Contact Details:
Executive Name: Nidhi Bedi
Address:
Vigor Info Solutions
Sector- 10, First Floor,
D- 210
NOIDA,Uttar Pradesh,India 201301
Telephone: 9999649372
Email Address:nidhibedi@vigorinfosolutions.com
Reference ID: 232425
Note: You can forward it to your friends/relatives, but somebody you know may need it.
Happy Job Hunting!!
________________
With Regards,
Req Software Developer
Experience:0 – 1 Years
Job Title: Software Developer
Location: Ahmedabad
Education:UG – B.Com – Commerce,B.Sc – Any Specialization,B.Tech,B.E. – Any Specialization, Computers,BCA – Computers,Diploma – Any Specialization,PG – MCA – Computers
Compensation: Best In Industry
Name Of The Company: CMC Limited.
Job Description:
CJET is a Job Enabling work experience program CJET
This is a candidate self financed On-The-JOB skill development cum work experience program offered by CMC Ltd., a TATA Enterprise.
Candidates gain knowledge on cutting edge technologies and are deployed on Software / Infrastructure actual PROJECTS of the company and work in a team along with the Regular employees and so, gain real-time work experience on the Job.
If in CMC Ltd, the candidate is put on Direct contract employment in the company for a period with a specified salary.
The candidate gets an opportunity to get extended on the project in the company or get into regular rolls of the company purely on basis of performance only.
The placement team of CMC Ltd. will also give interview calls to the candidates so that they get placed in other IT companies leveraging the training or project experience of working with a TATA Enterprise.
By Working on projects of CMC Ltd , a Tata Enterprise, does offer a great value to the candidate’s resume.
On successful completion of the program, the candidate will be awarded the prestigious CMC Certification along with Work Experience Letter.
Desired Profile:
Fresher with 1st / 2nd class from 2008-2010 batches.
Company Profile:
CMC is integral part of TCS. CMC Limited is a leading IT solutions company and a subsidiary of Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS Ltd ), and is one of the world’s leading information technology consulting, services and business process outsourcing organization. We are a part of the Tata group, India’s best-known business conglomerate.
Call to register your appointment for walkin at 079 – 66090931/ 32/12
Contact Details:
Executive Name: Mr. A. Samy (09227132035 )
Address:
CMC Limited.
406/2 Bodakdev,
Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway,
(Near Vishal Mega Mart),
AHMEDABAD, Gujarat – 380054,India
Telephone: 79-91-66090931
Note: You can forward it to your friends/relatives, but somebody you know may need it.
Happy Job Hunting!!
________________
With Regards,
Job Title: Software Developer
Location: Ahmedabad
Education:UG – B.Com – Commerce,B.Sc – Any Specialization,B.Tech,B.E. – Any Specialization, Computers,BCA – Computers,Diploma – Any Specialization,PG – MCA – Computers
Compensation: Best In Industry
Name Of The Company: CMC Limited.
Job Description:
CJET is a Job Enabling work experience program CJET
This is a candidate self financed On-The-JOB skill development cum work experience program offered by CMC Ltd., a TATA Enterprise.
Candidates gain knowledge on cutting edge technologies and are deployed on Software / Infrastructure actual PROJECTS of the company and work in a team along with the Regular employees and so, gain real-time work experience on the Job.
If in CMC Ltd, the candidate is put on Direct contract employment in the company for a period with a specified salary.
The candidate gets an opportunity to get extended on the project in the company or get into regular rolls of the company purely on basis of performance only.
The placement team of CMC Ltd. will also give interview calls to the candidates so that they get placed in other IT companies leveraging the training or project experience of working with a TATA Enterprise.
By Working on projects of CMC Ltd , a Tata Enterprise, does offer a great value to the candidate’s resume.
On successful completion of the program, the candidate will be awarded the prestigious CMC Certification along with Work Experience Letter.
Desired Profile:
Fresher with 1st / 2nd class from 2008-2010 batches.
Company Profile:
CMC is integral part of TCS. CMC Limited is a leading IT solutions company and a subsidiary of Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS Ltd ), and is one of the world’s leading information technology consulting, services and business process outsourcing organization. We are a part of the Tata group, India’s best-known business conglomerate.
Call to register your appointment for walkin at 079 – 66090931/ 32/12
Contact Details:
Executive Name: Mr. A. Samy (09227132035 )
Address:
CMC Limited.
406/2 Bodakdev,
Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway,
(Near Vishal Mega Mart),
AHMEDABAD, Gujarat – 380054,India
Telephone: 79-91-66090931
Note: You can forward it to your friends/relatives, but somebody you know may need it.
Happy Job Hunting!!
________________
With Regards,
☼ FUNNY SIDE EFFECTS of working in the IT sector !!! ☼ ☼
☼ FUNNY SIDE EFFECTS of working in the IT sector !!! ☼ ☼
These are real life shared by IT people.
_____________________________________________________________
Bhavik
I once left home to go to the market wearing my ID card
and did not realize till my friend asked me why I was wearing it !!!!
_____________________________________________________________
Bhabani
Once I was flashing my ID card instead of unlocking the house door with keys.
__________________________________________________________
Ashok
Few days back I slept at 12:00 in the night and woke up in the morning
at 7:00 and suddenly thought that I haven't completed 8 hours and
laughed at myself when I realized that I am at home.
__________________________________________________________
Jyotsna
Just after our training completion in Mysore and posting to Pune,
me and my friends went out for dinner in one of the best restaurants. .
And as I finished.. I started walking towards the wash basin with Plates in my hand..
___________________________________________________________
Kiran
Once I was on call with my father and mom was not around.
I went on to ask, "Why is she not attending the status call?"
_________________________________________________________
Bipul
I don't login to orkut, yahoo, gmail, youtube, etc..
at my personal internet connection at home...
thinking it will be blocked any way.
Till I realize - I am at home.
____________________________________________________________
Rohit
Yeah sometimes it do happens with me also.
keeping hands in front of tap for waiting
water to drop by itself is very frequent with me.
I just forget that we have to turn on and off the tap....
____________________________________________________________
Nidhi
Once after talking to one of my friends
I ended the conversation saying,
" Ok bye...in case of any issues will call u back"
___________________________________________________________
Nisha
Sometimes when I mistakenly delete a message
from my mobile, I hope for a second, maybe it’s in the recycle bin
_______________________________________________________________
Nisha
I gave my office mail id and password to access Gmail and
wondered when they became invalid???
__________________________________________________________
Sandeep
Once I went to a pharmacy n asked for a tab....
pharmacist asked whether I want 250mg or 500mg.....
I replied 256mb....thank god he didn't notice.
____________________________________________________________
Ashwin
Me getting a thought of doing an Alt+Tab while switching
from a news channel to the DVD while watching TV.
_____________________________________________________________
Vidyarthi
And I - after a forty hour marathon in Bhubaneshwar with Powerbuilder,
decided to take a break and went to a movie. In the middle of the movie,
when I wanted to check the time,
I kept repeatedly glancing at the bottom right corner of the theatre screen!
These are real life shared by IT people.
_____________________________________________________________
Bhavik
I once left home to go to the market wearing my ID card
and did not realize till my friend asked me why I was wearing it !!!!
_____________________________________________________________
Bhabani
Once I was flashing my ID card instead of unlocking the house door with keys.
__________________________________________________________
Ashok
Few days back I slept at 12:00 in the night and woke up in the morning
at 7:00 and suddenly thought that I haven't completed 8 hours and
laughed at myself when I realized that I am at home.
__________________________________________________________
Jyotsna
Just after our training completion in Mysore and posting to Pune,
me and my friends went out for dinner in one of the best restaurants. .
And as I finished.. I started walking towards the wash basin with Plates in my hand..
___________________________________________________________
Kiran
Once I was on call with my father and mom was not around.
I went on to ask, "Why is she not attending the status call?"
_________________________________________________________
Bipul
I don't login to orkut, yahoo, gmail, youtube, etc..
at my personal internet connection at home...
thinking it will be blocked any way.
Till I realize - I am at home.
____________________________________________________________
Rohit
Yeah sometimes it do happens with me also.
keeping hands in front of tap for waiting
water to drop by itself is very frequent with me.
I just forget that we have to turn on and off the tap....
____________________________________________________________
Nidhi
Once after talking to one of my friends
I ended the conversation saying,
" Ok bye...in case of any issues will call u back"
___________________________________________________________
Nisha
Sometimes when I mistakenly delete a message
from my mobile, I hope for a second, maybe it’s in the recycle bin
_______________________________________________________________
Nisha
I gave my office mail id and password to access Gmail and
wondered when they became invalid???
__________________________________________________________
Sandeep
Once I went to a pharmacy n asked for a tab....
pharmacist asked whether I want 250mg or 500mg.....
I replied 256mb....thank god he didn't notice.
____________________________________________________________
Ashwin
Me getting a thought of doing an Alt+Tab while switching
from a news channel to the DVD while watching TV.
_____________________________________________________________
Vidyarthi
And I - after a forty hour marathon in Bhubaneshwar with Powerbuilder,
decided to take a break and went to a movie. In the middle of the movie,
when I wanted to check the time,
I kept repeatedly glancing at the bottom right corner of the theatre screen!
JOBS IN IDBI
JOBS IN IDBI (INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA)
700 EXECUTIVE POSTS
ANY DEGREE WITH 55% MARKS
AGE - BELOW 25 YEARS
SELECTION THRU WRITTEN TEST & INTERVIEW
DATE OF EXAMINATION - 23 JAN 2011
STARTING SALARY RS.12,000/MONTH
APPLY ON LINE
LAST DATE - 2 DEC.2010
FOR COMPLETE DETAILS PL SEE - www.idbibank.com
700 EXECUTIVE POSTS
ANY DEGREE WITH 55% MARKS
AGE - BELOW 25 YEARS
SELECTION THRU WRITTEN TEST & INTERVIEW
DATE OF EXAMINATION - 23 JAN 2011
STARTING SALARY RS.12,000/MONTH
APPLY ON LINE
LAST DATE - 2 DEC.2010
FOR COMPLETE DETAILS PL SEE - www.idbibank.com
Monday, November 22, 2010
SAP HR Functional Consultant sample Resume
CURRICULUM VITAE
SAP HR Functional Consultant
Career Objective:
Being a committed team player, want to be a part of a renowned organization, to contribute towards the growth of the Organization, based on my expertise and to further my personal capabilities by learning from the new exposure within the structured framework of the organization.
Professional Summary:
Having 4+ years with around 2+ years of experience in SAP HR Consultant in the SAP R/3 Implementation.
Actively involved in 2 Full-life cycle implementations AS-IS to the TO-BE phases of Full Life Cycle in the Business Process Work Flow that includes Blueprint Designing, Final Preparation, Pre-Go Live, Go Live and Support Phases in SAP.
Good understanding of Personnel Administration (PA),Organization Management(OM), Time Management (TM), Recruitment & Payroll (Indian) Processes
Very good analytical skills in terms of understanding business requirements and preparing solution documents to meet the requirements
Exceptional interpersonal & communication skills within the team.
Ability to motivate the associate team members and work with full co-ordination.
Academic Credentials:
Technical Skills :
Operating Systems : Win98/NT/2000
ERP : SAP R/3
Languages : HTML,LATEX
Web Technologies : Ms-office,Acces .
AREA OF EXPERTISE:
ERP - SAP HR ECC 4.7, ECC, 6.0 ECC
Work experience
RESPONSIBILITIES:
Get associated on SAP Blueprint documentation preparation
Collect master data, verify, rectify and build on SAP
Prepare Business Scenarios, Test plan and Test data
Conduct Comprehensive User Acceptance Test
Provide results of Testing to consultants and get the system tuned
Validate the business objectives are met by SAP system
Plan and handle the change in the system
Prepare for GO-LIVE and verify every function in SAP production system
Project #2:
Client : MARG LTD
Environment : SAP R/3 6.0c Version
Duration : Apr’08 to Feb’09
Role : SAP HR Functional Consultant
Project : SAP Implementation
Client Description: MARG Group of Companies involved in construction and development of IT parks, real estate development and Business Process Outsourcing for more than a decade. The group companies include major development and operation companies for development of specific projects. Engaged in diversified construction activities which include execution of civil works for power projects, roads, bridges, other infrastructure, institutional and industrial complexes and residential buildings catering to corporate sector. In recent years, Marg Limited has emerged as a developer of large Information Technology (IT) facilities / residential projects mainly in Chennai and surrounding areas.
Roles and Responsibilities:
Organization Management
Configured the organization units, jobs, positions, and task catalog and work.
Center as per the client requirement.
Maintained the relationships among the objects.
Maintained the number ranges for the organization units.
Maintained the plan versions.
Personal Administration
Configured Enterprise Structure, Personnel Structure and pay scale structure.
Configured number range intervals for personnel numbers and maintained feature NUMKR for default personnel numbers.
Defined Employee Attributes, Administrator Groups and Administrators.
Configured and maintained the Master Data as per the Client requirement.
Involved in creation of Info groups and Info type menus.
Time Management
Configured the public holidays, holiday calendar and factory calendar according to client requirements.
Configured the work schedules like Break, Daily, periodic work schedule and maintained work schedule rules according to client requirements.
Worked on the Various Time Features..
Configured attendance/absence types and time quotas.
Counting rules and Deduction rules.
Configured counting rule and deduction rule as per the client requirement.
Worked on the schema for Positive time evaluation.
.
Payroll
Defined the pay roll periods and pay dates for each pay roll area.
Worked with the different payroll info-types.
Defined employee subgroup and personnel sub area for the primary wage type and defined wage type permissibility for PS and ESG in basic pay.
Created wage types for basic pay, additional payments, and recurring payments. Configured wage type characteristics.
Configured and maintained the features such as ABKRS for defaulting payroll area, LGMST for defaulting wage types, TARIF for defaulting pay-scale data.
Generate the payroll periods.
Maintained the Processing classes, Cumulation classes and Evaluation classes.
Tax Areas.
Configured Symbolic Accounts and maintained the wage type mapping with Symbolic accounts.
Maintained the wage types for the absence valuation.
Worked on the Schema U000.
Recruitment
Implementation, support and maintenance Recruitment module
Configured various recruitment media and instruments.
Configured required settings for Applicant actions and Data maintenance.
Maintained and configured the Applicant master data.
Project #1:
Client : PMT Machines Limited
Environment : SAP R/3 4.7c Version
Duration : Mar’09 to till date
Role : SAP HR Functional Consultant
Project : SAP Implementation
Client Description: PMT Machines LTD, established in 1963 is to produce quality products for engineering and Automobile industry. It Manufactures CNC Turning machines, Hi-tech multi operational Grinding machines catering to the needs of its clients. The Project scope includes Implementation of FI, CO, MM, PP and SD Modules with R/3 4.7 version.
Roles and Responsibilities:
Assisted the client during the full cycle implementation of PA, OM, ESS components of HR blue print phase. Collected requirements from business users.
Worked with client during Business Blue print, Realization and Final preparation phase of SAP HR module implementation.
Identified the use cases and transformed them into logical and technical views which could be looked at by the business and process analysts.
Involved in various workshops with business users to identify and resolve process and functional gaps, and involved in programming inbound/outbound interfaces.
Implemented Indian Payroll.
Organization Management
Created organizational units, jobs, task and positions assigned the tasks to positions and integrated all of these into the enterprises organizational plan.
Configured the matrix type for the organization and the working time to generate the work schedules for positions.
Maintained the number ranges for organizational units.
Assigned the various organizational units and positions to cost centres in FI.
Personal Administration
Created Enterprise Structure by defining Personnel Areas, Personnel Sub areas
Created Personal structure by defining Employee Groups, Employee Subgroups and assigned Personnel Area to Company Code and employee subgroup to employee group respectively.
Configured PA module to enter the personal data of employees in relevant info types for country specific (India) info types.In Actions defined info groups, set up personnel actions.
Configured Structures in HR including Enterprise Structures (Personnel Areas, Personnel Sub-Areas) Personnel Structures (Employee Group, Employee sub-Group).
Defined Payroll areas and assigned relevant period parameter & set up feature ABKRS.
Defined Contractual & Corporate Agreements & set up feature CONTR
Created control record and set up retroactive accounting period.
Set Info group in accordance to the Specifications as per the requirement.
Payroll
Created employee sub-groups for the collective agreement provision.
Defined Created Pay scale structure consisting of Pay scale type, Pay scale area, Pay scale group, Pay scale levels.
Created wage type catalogue and their characteristics.
Define wage type permissibility of each personnel sub area and Employee sub groups.
Created wage type and check wage type group for basic pay, additional payments, and recurring payments.
Defined and maintained date and period modifiers to change payment dates as per requirement.
Configured the wage types, which are required for the payroll processing
Created wage types by copying appropriate model wage types.
Defining Wage type Permissibility for each personnel sub area and employee subgroup in monthly addition, Recurring payments and Deductions & additional payments and Check Wage Type Characteristics.
Defined pay scale area & pay scale type and feature TARIF.
Defined pay scale changes.
Define pay scale group, wage type model and allowance groupings.
Defined valuation of base wage types.
Defined pay scale structure, wage type structure for enterprise
Time Management
Creation of Public Holiday Calendar and Assign it to Factory Calendar
Grouping of Personnel Sub Areas for the Work Schedule and Daily Work Schedule
Creation of daily work schedules and period work schedules
Define Day types and special Days
Define Work Schedule rules and Work schedules
Define Time Data Recording and Administration
Define Absence Catalogue and Absence Counting
Creation of Attendance and Actual Working Time
SAP CERTIFICATION
SAP HR Certification
SAP HR Functional Consultant
Career Objective:
Being a committed team player, want to be a part of a renowned organization, to contribute towards the growth of the Organization, based on my expertise and to further my personal capabilities by learning from the new exposure within the structured framework of the organization.
Professional Summary:
Having 4+ years with around 2+ years of experience in SAP HR Consultant in the SAP R/3 Implementation.
Actively involved in 2 Full-life cycle implementations AS-IS to the TO-BE phases of Full Life Cycle in the Business Process Work Flow that includes Blueprint Designing, Final Preparation, Pre-Go Live, Go Live and Support Phases in SAP.
Good understanding of Personnel Administration (PA),Organization Management(OM), Time Management (TM), Recruitment & Payroll (Indian) Processes
Very good analytical skills in terms of understanding business requirements and preparing solution documents to meet the requirements
Exceptional interpersonal & communication skills within the team.
Ability to motivate the associate team members and work with full co-ordination.
Academic Credentials:
Technical Skills :
Operating Systems : Win98/NT/2000
ERP : SAP R/3
Languages : HTML,LATEX
Web Technologies : Ms-office,Acces .
AREA OF EXPERTISE:
ERP - SAP HR ECC 4.7, ECC, 6.0 ECC
Work experience
RESPONSIBILITIES:
Get associated on SAP Blueprint documentation preparation
Collect master data, verify, rectify and build on SAP
Prepare Business Scenarios, Test plan and Test data
Conduct Comprehensive User Acceptance Test
Provide results of Testing to consultants and get the system tuned
Validate the business objectives are met by SAP system
Plan and handle the change in the system
Prepare for GO-LIVE and verify every function in SAP production system
Project #2:
Client : MARG LTD
Environment : SAP R/3 6.0c Version
Duration : Apr’08 to Feb’09
Role : SAP HR Functional Consultant
Project : SAP Implementation
Client Description: MARG Group of Companies involved in construction and development of IT parks, real estate development and Business Process Outsourcing for more than a decade. The group companies include major development and operation companies for development of specific projects. Engaged in diversified construction activities which include execution of civil works for power projects, roads, bridges, other infrastructure, institutional and industrial complexes and residential buildings catering to corporate sector. In recent years, Marg Limited has emerged as a developer of large Information Technology (IT) facilities / residential projects mainly in Chennai and surrounding areas.
Roles and Responsibilities:
Organization Management
Configured the organization units, jobs, positions, and task catalog and work.
Center as per the client requirement.
Maintained the relationships among the objects.
Maintained the number ranges for the organization units.
Maintained the plan versions.
Personal Administration
Configured Enterprise Structure, Personnel Structure and pay scale structure.
Configured number range intervals for personnel numbers and maintained feature NUMKR for default personnel numbers.
Defined Employee Attributes, Administrator Groups and Administrators.
Configured and maintained the Master Data as per the Client requirement.
Involved in creation of Info groups and Info type menus.
Time Management
Configured the public holidays, holiday calendar and factory calendar according to client requirements.
Configured the work schedules like Break, Daily, periodic work schedule and maintained work schedule rules according to client requirements.
Worked on the Various Time Features..
Configured attendance/absence types and time quotas.
Counting rules and Deduction rules.
Configured counting rule and deduction rule as per the client requirement.
Worked on the schema for Positive time evaluation.
.
Payroll
Defined the pay roll periods and pay dates for each pay roll area.
Worked with the different payroll info-types.
Defined employee subgroup and personnel sub area for the primary wage type and defined wage type permissibility for PS and ESG in basic pay.
Created wage types for basic pay, additional payments, and recurring payments. Configured wage type characteristics.
Configured and maintained the features such as ABKRS for defaulting payroll area, LGMST for defaulting wage types, TARIF for defaulting pay-scale data.
Generate the payroll periods.
Maintained the Processing classes, Cumulation classes and Evaluation classes.
Tax Areas.
Configured Symbolic Accounts and maintained the wage type mapping with Symbolic accounts.
Maintained the wage types for the absence valuation.
Worked on the Schema U000.
Recruitment
Implementation, support and maintenance Recruitment module
Configured various recruitment media and instruments.
Configured required settings for Applicant actions and Data maintenance.
Maintained and configured the Applicant master data.
Project #1:
Client : PMT Machines Limited
Environment : SAP R/3 4.7c Version
Duration : Mar’09 to till date
Role : SAP HR Functional Consultant
Project : SAP Implementation
Client Description: PMT Machines LTD, established in 1963 is to produce quality products for engineering and Automobile industry. It Manufactures CNC Turning machines, Hi-tech multi operational Grinding machines catering to the needs of its clients. The Project scope includes Implementation of FI, CO, MM, PP and SD Modules with R/3 4.7 version.
Roles and Responsibilities:
Assisted the client during the full cycle implementation of PA, OM, ESS components of HR blue print phase. Collected requirements from business users.
Worked with client during Business Blue print, Realization and Final preparation phase of SAP HR module implementation.
Identified the use cases and transformed them into logical and technical views which could be looked at by the business and process analysts.
Involved in various workshops with business users to identify and resolve process and functional gaps, and involved in programming inbound/outbound interfaces.
Implemented Indian Payroll.
Organization Management
Created organizational units, jobs, task and positions assigned the tasks to positions and integrated all of these into the enterprises organizational plan.
Configured the matrix type for the organization and the working time to generate the work schedules for positions.
Maintained the number ranges for organizational units.
Assigned the various organizational units and positions to cost centres in FI.
Personal Administration
Created Enterprise Structure by defining Personnel Areas, Personnel Sub areas
Created Personal structure by defining Employee Groups, Employee Subgroups and assigned Personnel Area to Company Code and employee subgroup to employee group respectively.
Configured PA module to enter the personal data of employees in relevant info types for country specific (India) info types.In Actions defined info groups, set up personnel actions.
Configured Structures in HR including Enterprise Structures (Personnel Areas, Personnel Sub-Areas) Personnel Structures (Employee Group, Employee sub-Group).
Defined Payroll areas and assigned relevant period parameter & set up feature ABKRS.
Defined Contractual & Corporate Agreements & set up feature CONTR
Created control record and set up retroactive accounting period.
Set Info group in accordance to the Specifications as per the requirement.
Payroll
Created employee sub-groups for the collective agreement provision.
Defined Created Pay scale structure consisting of Pay scale type, Pay scale area, Pay scale group, Pay scale levels.
Created wage type catalogue and their characteristics.
Define wage type permissibility of each personnel sub area and Employee sub groups.
Created wage type and check wage type group for basic pay, additional payments, and recurring payments.
Defined and maintained date and period modifiers to change payment dates as per requirement.
Configured the wage types, which are required for the payroll processing
Created wage types by copying appropriate model wage types.
Defining Wage type Permissibility for each personnel sub area and employee subgroup in monthly addition, Recurring payments and Deductions & additional payments and Check Wage Type Characteristics.
Defined pay scale area & pay scale type and feature TARIF.
Defined pay scale changes.
Define pay scale group, wage type model and allowance groupings.
Defined valuation of base wage types.
Defined pay scale structure, wage type structure for enterprise
Time Management
Creation of Public Holiday Calendar and Assign it to Factory Calendar
Grouping of Personnel Sub Areas for the Work Schedule and Daily Work Schedule
Creation of daily work schedules and period work schedules
Define Day types and special Days
Define Work Schedule rules and Work schedules
Define Time Data Recording and Administration
Define Absence Catalogue and Absence Counting
Creation of Attendance and Actual Working Time
SAP CERTIFICATION
SAP HR Certification
Thursday, November 18, 2010
sql faq's oralce
SQL ORDER BY
________________________________________
The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result.
________________________________________
Sort the Rows
The ORDER BY clause is used to sort the rows.
Orders:
Company OrderNumber
Sega 3412
ABC Shop 5678
W3Schools 6798
W3Schools 2312
Example
To display the company names in alphabetical order:
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders
ORDER BY Company
Result:
Company OrderNumber
ABC Shop 5678
Sega 3412
W3Schools 6798
W3Schools 2312
Example
To display the company names in alphabetical order AND the OrderNumber in numerical order:
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders
ORDER BY Company, OrderNumber
Result:
Company OrderNumber
ABC Shop 5678
Sega 3412
W3Schools 2312
W3Schools 6798
Example
To display the company names in reverse alphabetical order:
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders
ORDER BY Company DESC
Result:
Company OrderNumber
W3Schools 6798
W3Schools 2312
Sega 3412
ABC Shop 5678
Example
To display the company names in reverse alphabetical order AND the OrderNumber in numerical order:
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders
ORDER BY Company DESC, OrderNumber ASC
Result:
Company OrderNumber
W3Schools 2312
W3Schools 6798
Sega 3412
ABC Shop 5678
Notice that there are two equal company names (W3Schools) in the result above. The only time you will see the second column in ASC order would be when there are duplicated values in the first sort column, or a handful of nulls.
SQL AND & OR
________________________________________
AND & OR
AND and OR join two or more conditions in a WHERE clause.
The AND operator displays a row if ALL conditions listed are true. The OR operator displays a row if ANY of the conditions listed are true.
________________________________________
Original Table (used in the examples)
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Svendson Stephen Kaivn 18 Sandnes
________________________________________
Example
Use AND to display each person with the first name equal to "Tove", and the last name equal to "Svendson":
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE FirstName='Tove'
AND LastName='Svendson'
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Example
Use OR to display each person with the first name equal to "Tove", or the last name equal to "Svendson":
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE firstname='Tove'
OR lastname='Svendson'
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Svendson Stephen Kaivn 18 Sandnes
Example
You can also combine AND and OR (use parentheses to form complex expressions):
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE
(FirstName='Tove' OR FirstName='Stephen')
AND LastName='Svendson'
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Svendson Stephen Kaivn 18 Sandnes
SQL IN
________________________________________
IN
The IN operator may be used if you know the exact value you want to return for at least one of the columns.
SELECT column_name FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (value1,value2,..)
________________________________________
Original Table (used in the examples)
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Nordmann Anna Neset 18 Sandnes
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
________________________________________
Example 1
To display the persons with LastName equal to "Hansen" or "Pettersen", use the following SQL:
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE LastName IN ('Hansen','Pettersen')
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
SQL BETWEEN
________________________________________
BETWEEN ... AND
The BETWEEN ... AND operator selects a range of data between two values. These values can be numbers, text, or dates.
SELECT column_name FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
BETWEEN value1 AND value2
________________________________________
Original Table (used in the examples)
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Nordmann Anna Neset 18 Sandnes
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
________________________________________
Example 1
To display the persons alphabetically between (and including) "Hansen" and exclusive "Pettersen", use the following SQL:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE LastName
BETWEEN 'Hansen' AND 'Pettersen'
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Nordmann Anna Neset 18 Sandnes
IMPORTANT! The BETWEEN...AND operator is treated differently in different databases. With some databases a person with the LastName of "Hansen" or "Pettersen" will not be listed (BETWEEN..AND only selects fields that are between and excluding the test values). With some databases a person with the last name of "Hansen" or "Pettersen" will be listed (BETWEEN..AND selects fields that are between and including the test values). With other databases a person with the last name of "Hansen" will be listed, but "Pettersen" will not be listed (BETWEEN..AND selects fields between the test values, including the first test value and excluding the last test value). Therefore: Check how your database treats the BETWEEN....AND operator!
________________________________________
Example 2
To display the persons outside the range used in the previous example, use the NOT operator:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE LastName
NOT BETWEEN 'Hansen' AND 'Pettersen'
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
SQL Alias
________________________________________
With SQL, aliases can be used for column names and table names.
________________________________________
Column Name Alias
The syntax is:
SELECT column AS column_alias FROM table
________________________________________
Table Name Alias
The syntax is:
SELECT column FROM table AS table_alias
________________________________________
Example: Using a Column Alias
This table (Persons):
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
And this SQL:
SELECT LastName AS Family, FirstName AS Name
FROM Persons
Returns this result:
Family Name
Hansen Ola
Svendson Tove
Pettersen Kari
________________________________________
Example: Using a Table Alias
This table (Persons):
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
And this SQL:
SELECT LastName, FirstName
FROM Persons AS Employees
Returns this result:
Table Employees:
LastName FirstName
Hansen Ola
Svendson Tove
Pettersen Kari
SQL JOIN
________________________________________
Joins and Keys
Sometimes we have to select data from two or more tables to make our result complete. We have to perform a join.
Tables in a database can be related to each other with keys. A primary key is a column with a unique value for each row. Each primary key value must be unique within the table. The purpose is to bind data together, across tables, without repeating all of the data in every table.
In the "Employees" table below, the "Employee_ID" column is the primary key, meaning that no two rows can have the same Employee_ID. The Employee_ID distinguishes two persons even if they have the same name.
When you look at the example tables below, notice that:
• The "Employee_ID" column is the primary key of the "Employees" table
• The "Prod_ID" column is the primary key of the "Orders" table
• The "Employee_ID" column in the "Orders" table is used to refer to the persons in the "Employees" table without using their names
________________________________________
Employees:
Employee_ID Name
01 Hansen, Ola
02 Svendson, Tove
03 Svendson, Stephen
04 Pettersen, Kari
Orders:
Prod_ID Product Employee_ID
234 Printer 01
657 Table 03
865 Chair 03
________________________________________
Referring to Two Tables
We can select data from two tables by referring to two tables, like this:
Example
Who has ordered a product, and what did they order?
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Employees, Orders
WHERE Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
Result
Name Product
Hansen, Ola Printer
Svendson, Stephen Table
Svendson, Stephen Chair
Example
Who ordered a printer?
SELECT Employees.Name
FROM Employees, Orders
WHERE Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
AND Orders.Product='Printer'
Result
Name
Hansen, Ola
________________________________________
Using Joins
OR we can select data from two tables with the JOIN keyword, like this:
Example INNER JOIN
Syntax
SELECT field1, field2, field3
FROM first_table
INNER JOIN second_table
ON first_table.keyfield = second_table.foreign_keyfield
Who has ordered a product, and what did they order?
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Employees
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
The INNER JOIN returns all rows from both tables where there is a match. If there are rows in Employees that do not have matches in Orders, those rows will not be listed.
Result
Name Product
Hansen, Ola Printer
Svendson, Stephen Table
Svendson, Stephen Chair
Example LEFT JOIN
Syntax
SELECT field1, field2, field3
FROM first_table
LEFT JOIN second_table
ON first_table.keyfield = second_table.foreign_keyfield
List all employees, and their orders - if any.
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Employees
LEFT JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
The LEFT JOIN returns all the rows from the first table (Employees), even if there are no matches in the second table (Orders). If there are rows in Employees that do not have matches in Orders, those rows also will be listed.
Result
Name Product
Hansen, Ola Printer
Svendson, Tove
Svendson, Stephen Table
Svendson, Stephen Chair
Pettersen, Kari
Example RIGHT JOIN
Syntax
SELECT field1, field2, field3
FROM first_table
RIGHT JOIN second_table
ON first_table.keyfield = second_table.foreign_keyfield
List all orders, and who has ordered - if any.
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Employees
RIGHT JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
The RIGHT JOIN returns all the rows from the second table (Orders), even if there are no matches in the first table (Employees). If there had been any rows in Orders that did not have matches in Employees, those rows also would have been listed.
Result
Name Product
Hansen, Ola Printer
Svendson, Stephen Table
Svendson, Stephen Chair
Example
Who ordered a printer?
SELECT Employees.Name
FROM Employees
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
WHERE Orders.Product = 'Printer'
Result
Name
Hansen, Ola
SQL UNION and UNION ALL
________________________________________
UNION
The UNION command is used to select related information from two tables, much like the JOIN command. However, when using the UNION command all selected columns need to be of the same data type.
Note: With UNION, only distinct values are selected.
SQL Statement 1
UNION
SQL Statement 2
________________________________________
Employees_Norway:
E_ID E_Name
01 Hansen, Ola
02 Svendson, Tove
03 Svendson, Stephen
04 Pettersen, Kari
Employees_USA:
E_ID E_Name
01 Turner, Sally
02 Kent, Clark
03 Svendson, Stephen
04 Scott, Stephen
________________________________________
Using the UNION Command
Example
List all different employee names in Norway and USA:
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Norway
UNION
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_USA
Result
E_Name
Hansen, Ola
Svendson, Tove
Svendson, Stephen
Pettersen, Kari
Turner, Sally
Kent, Clark
Scott, Stephen
Note: This command cannot be used to list all employees in Norway and USA. In the example above we have two employees with equal names, and only one of them is listed. The UNION command only selects distinct values.
________________________________________
UNION ALL
The UNION ALL command is equal to the UNION command, except that UNION ALL selects all values.
SQL Statement 1
UNION ALL
SQL Statement 2
________________________________________
Using the UNION ALL Command
Example
List all employees in Norway and USA:
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Norway
UNION ALL
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_USA
Result
E_Name
Hansen, Ola
Svendson, Tove
Svendson, Stephen
Pettersen, Kari
Turner, Sally
Kent, Clark
Svendson, Stephen
Scott, Stephen
SQL Create Database, Table, and Index
________________________________________
Create a Database
To create a database:
CREATE DATABASE database_name
________________________________________
Create a Table
To create a table in a database:
CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type,
column_name2 data_type,
.......
)
Example
This example demonstrates how you can create a table named "Person", with four columns. The column names will be "LastName", "FirstName", "Address", and "Age":
CREATE TABLE Person
(
LastName varchar,
FirstName varchar,
Address varchar,
Age int
)
This example demonstrates how you can specify a maximum length for some columns:
CREATE TABLE Person
(
LastName varchar(30),
FirstName varchar,
Address varchar,
Age int(3)
)
The data type specifies what type of data the column can hold. The table below contains the most common data types in SQL:
Data Type Description
integer(size)
int(size)
smallint(size)
tinyint(size) Hold integers only. The maximum number of digits are specified in parenthesis.
decimal(size,d)
numeric(size,d) Hold numbers with fractions. The maximum number of digits are specified in "size". The maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal is specified in "d".
char(size) Holds a fixed length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters). The fixed size is specified in parenthesis.
varchar(size) Holds a variable length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters). The maximum size is specified in parenthesis.
date(yyyymmdd) Holds a date
________________________________________
Create Index
Indices are created in an existing table to locate rows more quickly and efficiently. It is possible to create an index on one or more columns of a table, and each index is given a name. The users cannot see the indexes, they are just used to speed up queries.
Note: Updating a table containing indexes takes more time than updating a table without, this is because the indexes also need an update. So, it is a good idea to create indexes only on columns that are often used for a search.
A Unique Index
Creates a unique index on a table. A unique index means that two rows cannot have the same index value.
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)
The "column_name" specifies the column you want indexed.
A Simple Index
Creates a simple index on a table. When the UNIQUE keyword is omitted, duplicate values are allowed.
CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)
The "column_name" specifies the column you want indexed.
Example
This example creates a simple index, named "PersonIndex", on the LastName field of the Person table:
CREATE INDEX PersonIndex
ON Person (LastName)
If you want to index the values in a column in descending order, you can add the reserved word DESC after the column name:
CREATE INDEX PersonIndex
ON Person (LastName DESC)
If you want to index more than one column you can list the column names within the parentheses, separated by commas:
CREATE INDEX PersonIndex
ON Person (LastName, FirstName)
SQL Drop Index, Table and Database
________________________________________
Drop Index
You can delete an existing index in a table with the DROP INDEX statement.
Syntax for Microsoft SQLJet (and Microsoft Access):
DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name
Syntax for MS SQL Server:
DROP INDEX table_name.index_name
Syntax for IBM DB2 and Oracle:
DROP INDEX index_name
Syntax for MySQL:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP INDEX index_name
________________________________________
Delete a Table or Database
To delete a table (the table structure, attributes, and indexes will also be deleted):
DROP TABLE table_name
To delete a database:
DROP DATABASE database_name
________________________________________
Truncate a Table
What if we only want to get rid of the data inside a table, and not the table itself? Use the TRUNCATE TABLE command (deletes only the data inside the table):
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
SQL ALTER TABLE
________________________________________
ALTER TABLE
The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add or drop columns in an existing table.
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name
Note: Some database systems don't allow the dropping of a column in a database table (DROP COLUMN column_name).
________________________________________
Person:
LastName FirstName Address
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20
________________________________________
Example
To add a column named "City" in the "Person" table:
ALTER TABLE Person ADD City varchar(30)
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20
Example
To drop the "Address" column in the "Person" table:
ALTER TABLE Person DROP COLUMN Address
Result:
LastName FirstName City
Pettersen Kari
SQL Functions
________________________________________
SQL has a lot of built-in functions for counting and calculations.
________________________________________
Function Syntax
The syntax for built-in SQL functions is:
SELECT function(column) FROM table
________________________________________
Types of Functions
There are several basic types and categories of functions in SQL. The basic types of functions are:
• Aggregate Functions
• Scalar functions
________________________________________
Aggregate functions
Aggregate functions operate against a collection of values, but return a single value.
Note: If used among many other expressions in the item list of a SELECT statement, the SELECT must have a GROUP BY clause!!
"Persons" table (used in most examples)
Name Age
Hansen, Ola 34
Svendson, Tove 45
Pettersen, Kari 19
Aggregate functions in MS Access
Function Description
AVG(column)
Returns the average value of a column
COUNT(column)
Returns the number of rows (without a NULL value) of a column
COUNT(*)
Returns the number of selected rows
FIRST(column) Returns the value of the first record in a specified field
LAST(column) Returns the value of the last record in a specified field
MAX(column)
Returns the highest value of a column
MIN(column)
Returns the lowest value of a column
STDEV(column)
STDEVP(column)
SUM(column)
Returns the total sum of a column
VAR(column)
VARP(column)
Aggregate functions in SQL Server
Function Description
AVG(column)
Returns the average value of a column
BINARY_CHECKSUM
CHECKSUM
CHECKSUM_AGG
COUNT(column)
Returns the number of rows (without a NULL value) of a column
COUNT(*)
Returns the number of selected rows
COUNT(DISTINCT column)
Returns the number of distinct results
FIRST(column)
Returns the value of the first record in a specified field (not supported in SQLServer2K)
LAST(column)
Returns the value of the last record in a specified field (not supported in SQLServer2K)
MAX(column)
Returns the highest value of a column
MIN(column)
Returns the lowest value of a column
STDEV(column)
STDEVP(column)
SUM(column)
Returns the total sum of a column
VAR(column)
VARP(column)
________________________________________
Scalar functions
Scalar functions operate against a single value, and return a single value based on the input value.
Useful Scalar Functions in MS Access
Function Description
UCASE(c) Converts a field to upper case
LCASE(c) Converts a field to lower case
MID(c,start[,end]) Extract characters from a text field
LEN(c) Returns the length of a text field
INSTR(c,char) Returns the numeric position of a named character within a text field
LEFT(c,number_of_char) Return the left part of a text field requested
RIGHT(c,number_of_char) Return the right part of a text field requested
ROUND(c,decimals) Rounds a numeric field to the number of decimals specified
MOD(x,y) Returns the remainder of a division operation
NOW() Returns the current system date
FORMAT(c,format) Changes the way a field is displayed
DATEDIFF(d,date1,date2) Used to perform date calculations
SQL GROUP BY and HAVING
________________________________________
Aggregate functions (like SUM) often need an added GROUP BY functionality.
________________________________________
GROUP BY...
GROUP BY... was added to SQL because aggregate functions (like SUM) return the aggregate of all column values every time they are called, and without the GROUP BY function it was impossible to find the sum for each individual group of column values.
The syntax for the GROUP BY function is:
SELECT column,SUM(column) FROM table GROUP BY column
________________________________________
GROUP BY Example
This "Sales" Table:
Company Amount
W3Schools 5500
IBM 4500
W3Schools 7100
And This SQL:
SELECT Company, SUM(Amount) FROM Sales
Returns this result:
Company SUM(Amount)
W3Schools 17100
IBM 17100
W3Schools 17100
The above code is invalid because the column returned is not part of an aggregate. A GROUP BY clause will solve this problem:
SELECT Company,SUM(Amount) FROM Sales
GROUP BY Company
Returns this result:
Company SUM(Amount)
W3Schools 12600
IBM 4500
________________________________________
HAVING...
HAVING... was added to SQL because the WHERE keyword could not be used against aggregate functions (like SUM), and without HAVING... it would be impossible to test for result conditions.
The syntax for the HAVING function is:
SELECT column,SUM(column) FROM table
GROUP BY column
HAVING SUM(column) condition value
This "Sales" Table:
Company Amount
W3Schools 5500
IBM 4500
W3Schools 7100
This SQL:
SELECT Company,SUM(Amount) FROM Sales
GROUP BY Company
HAVING SUM(Amount)>10000
Returns this result
Company SUM(Amount)
W3Schools 12600
SQL SELECT INTO Statement
________________________________________
The SELECT INTO Statement
The SELECT INTO statement is most often used to create backup copies of tables or for archiving records.
Syntax
SELECT column_name(s) INTO newtable [IN externaldatabase]
FROM source
________________________________________
Make a Backup Copy
The following example makes a backup copy of the "Persons" table:
SELECT * INTO Persons_backup
FROM Persons
The IN clause can be used to copy tables into another database:
SELECT Persons.* INTO Persons IN 'Backup.mdb'
FROM Persons
If you only want to copy a few fields, you can do so by listing them after the SELECT statement:
SELECT LastName,FirstName INTO Persons_backup
FROM Persons
You can also add a WHERE clause. The following example creates a "Persons_backup" table with two columns (FirstName and LastName) by extracting the persons who lives in "Sandnes" from the "Persons" table:
SELECT LastName,Firstname INTO Persons_backup
FROM Persons
WHERE City='Sandnes'
Selecting data from more than one table is also possible. The following example creates a new table "Empl_Ord_backup" that contains data from the two tables Employees and Orders:
SELECT Employees.Name,Orders.Product
INTO Empl_Ord_backup
FROM Employees
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
SQL CREATE VIEW Statement
________________________________________
A view is a virtual table based on the result-set of a SELECT statement.
________________________________________
What is a View?
In SQL, a VIEW is a virtual table based on the result-set of a SELECT statement.
A view contains rows and columns, just like a real table. The fields in a view are fields from one or more real tables in the database. You can add SQL functions, WHERE, and JOIN statements to a view and present the data as if the data were coming from a single table.
Note: The database design and structure will NOT be affected by the functions, where, or join statements in a view.
Syntax
CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
Note: The database does not store the view data! The database engine recreates the data, using the view's SELECT statement, every time a user queries a view.
________________________________________
Using Views
A view could be used from inside a query, a stored procedure, or from inside another view. By adding functions, joins, etc., to a view, it allows you to present exactly the data you want to the user.
The sample database Northwind has some views installed by default. The view "Current Product List" lists all active products (products that are not discontinued) from the Products table. The view is created with the following SQL:
CREATE VIEW [Current Product List] AS
SELECT ProductID,ProductName
FROM Products
WHERE Discontinued=No
We can query the view above as follows:
SELECT * FROM [Current Product List]
Another view from the Northwind sample database selects every product in the Products table that has a unit price that is higher than the average unit price:
CREATE VIEW [Products Above Average Price] AS
SELECT ProductName,UnitPrice
FROM Products
WHERE UnitPrice>(SELECT AVG(UnitPrice) FROM Products)
We can query the view above as follows:
SELECT * FROM [Products Above Average Price]
Another example view from the Northwind database calculates the total sale for each category in 1997. Note that this view selects its data from another view called "Product Sales for 1997":
CREATE VIEW [Category Sales For 1997] AS
SELECT DISTINCT CategoryName,Sum(ProductSales) AS CategorySales
FROM [Product Sales for 1997]
GROUP BY CategoryName
We can query the view above as follows:
SELECT * FROM [Category Sales For 1997]
We can also add a condition to the query. Now we want to see the total sale only for the category "Beverages":
SELECT * FROM [Category Sales For 1997]
WHERE CategoryName='Beverages'
SQL Quick Reference
________________________________________
SQL Quick Reference from W3Schools. Print it, and fold it in your pocket.
________________________________________
SQL Syntax
Statement Syntax
AND / OR SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
AND
OR condition
ALTER TABLE (add column) ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype
ALTER TABLE (drop column) ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name
AS (alias for column) SELECT column_name AS column_alias
FROM table_name
AS (alias for table) SELECT column_name
FROM table_name AS table_alias
BETWEEN SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
BETWEEN value1 AND value2
CREATE DATABASE CREATE DATABASE database_name
CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)
CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type,
column_name2 data_type,
.......
)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)
CREATE VIEW CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
DELETE FROM DELETE FROM table_name
(Note: Deletes the entire table!!)
or
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE condition
DROP DATABASE DROP DATABASE database_name
DROP INDEX DROP INDEX table_name.index_name
DROP TABLE DROP TABLE table_name
GROUP BY SELECT column_name1,SUM(column_name2)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name1
HAVING SELECT column_name1,SUM(column_name2)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name1
HAVING SUM(column_name2) condition value
IN SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
IN (value1,value2,..)
INSERT INTO INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2,....)
or
INSERT INTO table_name
(column_name1, column_name2,...)
VALUES (value1, value2,....)
LIKE SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
LIKE pattern
ORDER BY SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name [ASC
DESC]
SELECT SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
SELECT * SELECT *
FROM table_name
SELECT DISTINCT SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
SELECT INTO
(used to create backup copies of tables) SELECT *
INTO new_table_name
FROM original_table_name
or
SELECT column_name(s)
INTO new_table_name
FROM original_table_name
TRUNCATE TABLE
(deletes only the data inside the table) TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
UPDATE UPDATE table_name
SET column_name=new_value
[, column_name=new_value]
WHERE column_name=some_value
WHERE SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
________________________________________
The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result.
________________________________________
Sort the Rows
The ORDER BY clause is used to sort the rows.
Orders:
Company OrderNumber
Sega 3412
ABC Shop 5678
W3Schools 6798
W3Schools 2312
Example
To display the company names in alphabetical order:
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders
ORDER BY Company
Result:
Company OrderNumber
ABC Shop 5678
Sega 3412
W3Schools 6798
W3Schools 2312
Example
To display the company names in alphabetical order AND the OrderNumber in numerical order:
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders
ORDER BY Company, OrderNumber
Result:
Company OrderNumber
ABC Shop 5678
Sega 3412
W3Schools 2312
W3Schools 6798
Example
To display the company names in reverse alphabetical order:
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders
ORDER BY Company DESC
Result:
Company OrderNumber
W3Schools 6798
W3Schools 2312
Sega 3412
ABC Shop 5678
Example
To display the company names in reverse alphabetical order AND the OrderNumber in numerical order:
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders
ORDER BY Company DESC, OrderNumber ASC
Result:
Company OrderNumber
W3Schools 2312
W3Schools 6798
Sega 3412
ABC Shop 5678
Notice that there are two equal company names (W3Schools) in the result above. The only time you will see the second column in ASC order would be when there are duplicated values in the first sort column, or a handful of nulls.
SQL AND & OR
________________________________________
AND & OR
AND and OR join two or more conditions in a WHERE clause.
The AND operator displays a row if ALL conditions listed are true. The OR operator displays a row if ANY of the conditions listed are true.
________________________________________
Original Table (used in the examples)
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Svendson Stephen Kaivn 18 Sandnes
________________________________________
Example
Use AND to display each person with the first name equal to "Tove", and the last name equal to "Svendson":
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE FirstName='Tove'
AND LastName='Svendson'
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Example
Use OR to display each person with the first name equal to "Tove", or the last name equal to "Svendson":
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE firstname='Tove'
OR lastname='Svendson'
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Svendson Stephen Kaivn 18 Sandnes
Example
You can also combine AND and OR (use parentheses to form complex expressions):
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE
(FirstName='Tove' OR FirstName='Stephen')
AND LastName='Svendson'
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Svendson Stephen Kaivn 18 Sandnes
SQL IN
________________________________________
IN
The IN operator may be used if you know the exact value you want to return for at least one of the columns.
SELECT column_name FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (value1,value2,..)
________________________________________
Original Table (used in the examples)
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Nordmann Anna Neset 18 Sandnes
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
________________________________________
Example 1
To display the persons with LastName equal to "Hansen" or "Pettersen", use the following SQL:
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE LastName IN ('Hansen','Pettersen')
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
SQL BETWEEN
________________________________________
BETWEEN ... AND
The BETWEEN ... AND operator selects a range of data between two values. These values can be numbers, text, or dates.
SELECT column_name FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
BETWEEN value1 AND value2
________________________________________
Original Table (used in the examples)
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Nordmann Anna Neset 18 Sandnes
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
________________________________________
Example 1
To display the persons alphabetically between (and including) "Hansen" and exclusive "Pettersen", use the following SQL:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE LastName
BETWEEN 'Hansen' AND 'Pettersen'
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Nordmann Anna Neset 18 Sandnes
IMPORTANT! The BETWEEN...AND operator is treated differently in different databases. With some databases a person with the LastName of "Hansen" or "Pettersen" will not be listed (BETWEEN..AND only selects fields that are between and excluding the test values). With some databases a person with the last name of "Hansen" or "Pettersen" will be listed (BETWEEN..AND selects fields that are between and including the test values). With other databases a person with the last name of "Hansen" will be listed, but "Pettersen" will not be listed (BETWEEN..AND selects fields between the test values, including the first test value and excluding the last test value). Therefore: Check how your database treats the BETWEEN....AND operator!
________________________________________
Example 2
To display the persons outside the range used in the previous example, use the NOT operator:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE LastName
NOT BETWEEN 'Hansen' AND 'Pettersen'
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
SQL Alias
________________________________________
With SQL, aliases can be used for column names and table names.
________________________________________
Column Name Alias
The syntax is:
SELECT column AS column_alias FROM table
________________________________________
Table Name Alias
The syntax is:
SELECT column FROM table AS table_alias
________________________________________
Example: Using a Column Alias
This table (Persons):
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
And this SQL:
SELECT LastName AS Family, FirstName AS Name
FROM Persons
Returns this result:
Family Name
Hansen Ola
Svendson Tove
Pettersen Kari
________________________________________
Example: Using a Table Alias
This table (Persons):
LastName FirstName Address City
Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
And this SQL:
SELECT LastName, FirstName
FROM Persons AS Employees
Returns this result:
Table Employees:
LastName FirstName
Hansen Ola
Svendson Tove
Pettersen Kari
SQL JOIN
________________________________________
Joins and Keys
Sometimes we have to select data from two or more tables to make our result complete. We have to perform a join.
Tables in a database can be related to each other with keys. A primary key is a column with a unique value for each row. Each primary key value must be unique within the table. The purpose is to bind data together, across tables, without repeating all of the data in every table.
In the "Employees" table below, the "Employee_ID" column is the primary key, meaning that no two rows can have the same Employee_ID. The Employee_ID distinguishes two persons even if they have the same name.
When you look at the example tables below, notice that:
• The "Employee_ID" column is the primary key of the "Employees" table
• The "Prod_ID" column is the primary key of the "Orders" table
• The "Employee_ID" column in the "Orders" table is used to refer to the persons in the "Employees" table without using their names
________________________________________
Employees:
Employee_ID Name
01 Hansen, Ola
02 Svendson, Tove
03 Svendson, Stephen
04 Pettersen, Kari
Orders:
Prod_ID Product Employee_ID
234 Printer 01
657 Table 03
865 Chair 03
________________________________________
Referring to Two Tables
We can select data from two tables by referring to two tables, like this:
Example
Who has ordered a product, and what did they order?
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Employees, Orders
WHERE Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
Result
Name Product
Hansen, Ola Printer
Svendson, Stephen Table
Svendson, Stephen Chair
Example
Who ordered a printer?
SELECT Employees.Name
FROM Employees, Orders
WHERE Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
AND Orders.Product='Printer'
Result
Name
Hansen, Ola
________________________________________
Using Joins
OR we can select data from two tables with the JOIN keyword, like this:
Example INNER JOIN
Syntax
SELECT field1, field2, field3
FROM first_table
INNER JOIN second_table
ON first_table.keyfield = second_table.foreign_keyfield
Who has ordered a product, and what did they order?
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Employees
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
The INNER JOIN returns all rows from both tables where there is a match. If there are rows in Employees that do not have matches in Orders, those rows will not be listed.
Result
Name Product
Hansen, Ola Printer
Svendson, Stephen Table
Svendson, Stephen Chair
Example LEFT JOIN
Syntax
SELECT field1, field2, field3
FROM first_table
LEFT JOIN second_table
ON first_table.keyfield = second_table.foreign_keyfield
List all employees, and their orders - if any.
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Employees
LEFT JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
The LEFT JOIN returns all the rows from the first table (Employees), even if there are no matches in the second table (Orders). If there are rows in Employees that do not have matches in Orders, those rows also will be listed.
Result
Name Product
Hansen, Ola Printer
Svendson, Tove
Svendson, Stephen Table
Svendson, Stephen Chair
Pettersen, Kari
Example RIGHT JOIN
Syntax
SELECT field1, field2, field3
FROM first_table
RIGHT JOIN second_table
ON first_table.keyfield = second_table.foreign_keyfield
List all orders, and who has ordered - if any.
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Employees
RIGHT JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
The RIGHT JOIN returns all the rows from the second table (Orders), even if there are no matches in the first table (Employees). If there had been any rows in Orders that did not have matches in Employees, those rows also would have been listed.
Result
Name Product
Hansen, Ola Printer
Svendson, Stephen Table
Svendson, Stephen Chair
Example
Who ordered a printer?
SELECT Employees.Name
FROM Employees
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
WHERE Orders.Product = 'Printer'
Result
Name
Hansen, Ola
SQL UNION and UNION ALL
________________________________________
UNION
The UNION command is used to select related information from two tables, much like the JOIN command. However, when using the UNION command all selected columns need to be of the same data type.
Note: With UNION, only distinct values are selected.
SQL Statement 1
UNION
SQL Statement 2
________________________________________
Employees_Norway:
E_ID E_Name
01 Hansen, Ola
02 Svendson, Tove
03 Svendson, Stephen
04 Pettersen, Kari
Employees_USA:
E_ID E_Name
01 Turner, Sally
02 Kent, Clark
03 Svendson, Stephen
04 Scott, Stephen
________________________________________
Using the UNION Command
Example
List all different employee names in Norway and USA:
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Norway
UNION
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_USA
Result
E_Name
Hansen, Ola
Svendson, Tove
Svendson, Stephen
Pettersen, Kari
Turner, Sally
Kent, Clark
Scott, Stephen
Note: This command cannot be used to list all employees in Norway and USA. In the example above we have two employees with equal names, and only one of them is listed. The UNION command only selects distinct values.
________________________________________
UNION ALL
The UNION ALL command is equal to the UNION command, except that UNION ALL selects all values.
SQL Statement 1
UNION ALL
SQL Statement 2
________________________________________
Using the UNION ALL Command
Example
List all employees in Norway and USA:
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Norway
UNION ALL
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_USA
Result
E_Name
Hansen, Ola
Svendson, Tove
Svendson, Stephen
Pettersen, Kari
Turner, Sally
Kent, Clark
Svendson, Stephen
Scott, Stephen
SQL Create Database, Table, and Index
________________________________________
Create a Database
To create a database:
CREATE DATABASE database_name
________________________________________
Create a Table
To create a table in a database:
CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type,
column_name2 data_type,
.......
)
Example
This example demonstrates how you can create a table named "Person", with four columns. The column names will be "LastName", "FirstName", "Address", and "Age":
CREATE TABLE Person
(
LastName varchar,
FirstName varchar,
Address varchar,
Age int
)
This example demonstrates how you can specify a maximum length for some columns:
CREATE TABLE Person
(
LastName varchar(30),
FirstName varchar,
Address varchar,
Age int(3)
)
The data type specifies what type of data the column can hold. The table below contains the most common data types in SQL:
Data Type Description
integer(size)
int(size)
smallint(size)
tinyint(size) Hold integers only. The maximum number of digits are specified in parenthesis.
decimal(size,d)
numeric(size,d) Hold numbers with fractions. The maximum number of digits are specified in "size". The maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal is specified in "d".
char(size) Holds a fixed length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters). The fixed size is specified in parenthesis.
varchar(size) Holds a variable length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters). The maximum size is specified in parenthesis.
date(yyyymmdd) Holds a date
________________________________________
Create Index
Indices are created in an existing table to locate rows more quickly and efficiently. It is possible to create an index on one or more columns of a table, and each index is given a name. The users cannot see the indexes, they are just used to speed up queries.
Note: Updating a table containing indexes takes more time than updating a table without, this is because the indexes also need an update. So, it is a good idea to create indexes only on columns that are often used for a search.
A Unique Index
Creates a unique index on a table. A unique index means that two rows cannot have the same index value.
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)
The "column_name" specifies the column you want indexed.
A Simple Index
Creates a simple index on a table. When the UNIQUE keyword is omitted, duplicate values are allowed.
CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)
The "column_name" specifies the column you want indexed.
Example
This example creates a simple index, named "PersonIndex", on the LastName field of the Person table:
CREATE INDEX PersonIndex
ON Person (LastName)
If you want to index the values in a column in descending order, you can add the reserved word DESC after the column name:
CREATE INDEX PersonIndex
ON Person (LastName DESC)
If you want to index more than one column you can list the column names within the parentheses, separated by commas:
CREATE INDEX PersonIndex
ON Person (LastName, FirstName)
SQL Drop Index, Table and Database
________________________________________
Drop Index
You can delete an existing index in a table with the DROP INDEX statement.
Syntax for Microsoft SQLJet (and Microsoft Access):
DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name
Syntax for MS SQL Server:
DROP INDEX table_name.index_name
Syntax for IBM DB2 and Oracle:
DROP INDEX index_name
Syntax for MySQL:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP INDEX index_name
________________________________________
Delete a Table or Database
To delete a table (the table structure, attributes, and indexes will also be deleted):
DROP TABLE table_name
To delete a database:
DROP DATABASE database_name
________________________________________
Truncate a Table
What if we only want to get rid of the data inside a table, and not the table itself? Use the TRUNCATE TABLE command (deletes only the data inside the table):
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
SQL ALTER TABLE
________________________________________
ALTER TABLE
The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add or drop columns in an existing table.
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name
Note: Some database systems don't allow the dropping of a column in a database table (DROP COLUMN column_name).
________________________________________
Person:
LastName FirstName Address
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20
________________________________________
Example
To add a column named "City" in the "Person" table:
ALTER TABLE Person ADD City varchar(30)
Result:
LastName FirstName Address City
Pettersen Kari Storgt 20
Example
To drop the "Address" column in the "Person" table:
ALTER TABLE Person DROP COLUMN Address
Result:
LastName FirstName City
Pettersen Kari
SQL Functions
________________________________________
SQL has a lot of built-in functions for counting and calculations.
________________________________________
Function Syntax
The syntax for built-in SQL functions is:
SELECT function(column) FROM table
________________________________________
Types of Functions
There are several basic types and categories of functions in SQL. The basic types of functions are:
• Aggregate Functions
• Scalar functions
________________________________________
Aggregate functions
Aggregate functions operate against a collection of values, but return a single value.
Note: If used among many other expressions in the item list of a SELECT statement, the SELECT must have a GROUP BY clause!!
"Persons" table (used in most examples)
Name Age
Hansen, Ola 34
Svendson, Tove 45
Pettersen, Kari 19
Aggregate functions in MS Access
Function Description
AVG(column)
Returns the average value of a column
COUNT(column)
Returns the number of rows (without a NULL value) of a column
COUNT(*)
Returns the number of selected rows
FIRST(column) Returns the value of the first record in a specified field
LAST(column) Returns the value of the last record in a specified field
MAX(column)
Returns the highest value of a column
MIN(column)
Returns the lowest value of a column
STDEV(column)
STDEVP(column)
SUM(column)
Returns the total sum of a column
VAR(column)
VARP(column)
Aggregate functions in SQL Server
Function Description
AVG(column)
Returns the average value of a column
BINARY_CHECKSUM
CHECKSUM
CHECKSUM_AGG
COUNT(column)
Returns the number of rows (without a NULL value) of a column
COUNT(*)
Returns the number of selected rows
COUNT(DISTINCT column)
Returns the number of distinct results
FIRST(column)
Returns the value of the first record in a specified field (not supported in SQLServer2K)
LAST(column)
Returns the value of the last record in a specified field (not supported in SQLServer2K)
MAX(column)
Returns the highest value of a column
MIN(column)
Returns the lowest value of a column
STDEV(column)
STDEVP(column)
SUM(column)
Returns the total sum of a column
VAR(column)
VARP(column)
________________________________________
Scalar functions
Scalar functions operate against a single value, and return a single value based on the input value.
Useful Scalar Functions in MS Access
Function Description
UCASE(c) Converts a field to upper case
LCASE(c) Converts a field to lower case
MID(c,start[,end]) Extract characters from a text field
LEN(c) Returns the length of a text field
INSTR(c,char) Returns the numeric position of a named character within a text field
LEFT(c,number_of_char) Return the left part of a text field requested
RIGHT(c,number_of_char) Return the right part of a text field requested
ROUND(c,decimals) Rounds a numeric field to the number of decimals specified
MOD(x,y) Returns the remainder of a division operation
NOW() Returns the current system date
FORMAT(c,format) Changes the way a field is displayed
DATEDIFF(d,date1,date2) Used to perform date calculations
SQL GROUP BY and HAVING
________________________________________
Aggregate functions (like SUM) often need an added GROUP BY functionality.
________________________________________
GROUP BY...
GROUP BY... was added to SQL because aggregate functions (like SUM) return the aggregate of all column values every time they are called, and without the GROUP BY function it was impossible to find the sum for each individual group of column values.
The syntax for the GROUP BY function is:
SELECT column,SUM(column) FROM table GROUP BY column
________________________________________
GROUP BY Example
This "Sales" Table:
Company Amount
W3Schools 5500
IBM 4500
W3Schools 7100
And This SQL:
SELECT Company, SUM(Amount) FROM Sales
Returns this result:
Company SUM(Amount)
W3Schools 17100
IBM 17100
W3Schools 17100
The above code is invalid because the column returned is not part of an aggregate. A GROUP BY clause will solve this problem:
SELECT Company,SUM(Amount) FROM Sales
GROUP BY Company
Returns this result:
Company SUM(Amount)
W3Schools 12600
IBM 4500
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HAVING...
HAVING... was added to SQL because the WHERE keyword could not be used against aggregate functions (like SUM), and without HAVING... it would be impossible to test for result conditions.
The syntax for the HAVING function is:
SELECT column,SUM(column) FROM table
GROUP BY column
HAVING SUM(column) condition value
This "Sales" Table:
Company Amount
W3Schools 5500
IBM 4500
W3Schools 7100
This SQL:
SELECT Company,SUM(Amount) FROM Sales
GROUP BY Company
HAVING SUM(Amount)>10000
Returns this result
Company SUM(Amount)
W3Schools 12600
SQL SELECT INTO Statement
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The SELECT INTO Statement
The SELECT INTO statement is most often used to create backup copies of tables or for archiving records.
Syntax
SELECT column_name(s) INTO newtable [IN externaldatabase]
FROM source
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Make a Backup Copy
The following example makes a backup copy of the "Persons" table:
SELECT * INTO Persons_backup
FROM Persons
The IN clause can be used to copy tables into another database:
SELECT Persons.* INTO Persons IN 'Backup.mdb'
FROM Persons
If you only want to copy a few fields, you can do so by listing them after the SELECT statement:
SELECT LastName,FirstName INTO Persons_backup
FROM Persons
You can also add a WHERE clause. The following example creates a "Persons_backup" table with two columns (FirstName and LastName) by extracting the persons who lives in "Sandnes" from the "Persons" table:
SELECT LastName,Firstname INTO Persons_backup
FROM Persons
WHERE City='Sandnes'
Selecting data from more than one table is also possible. The following example creates a new table "Empl_Ord_backup" that contains data from the two tables Employees and Orders:
SELECT Employees.Name,Orders.Product
INTO Empl_Ord_backup
FROM Employees
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
SQL CREATE VIEW Statement
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A view is a virtual table based on the result-set of a SELECT statement.
________________________________________
What is a View?
In SQL, a VIEW is a virtual table based on the result-set of a SELECT statement.
A view contains rows and columns, just like a real table. The fields in a view are fields from one or more real tables in the database. You can add SQL functions, WHERE, and JOIN statements to a view and present the data as if the data were coming from a single table.
Note: The database design and structure will NOT be affected by the functions, where, or join statements in a view.
Syntax
CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
Note: The database does not store the view data! The database engine recreates the data, using the view's SELECT statement, every time a user queries a view.
________________________________________
Using Views
A view could be used from inside a query, a stored procedure, or from inside another view. By adding functions, joins, etc., to a view, it allows you to present exactly the data you want to the user.
The sample database Northwind has some views installed by default. The view "Current Product List" lists all active products (products that are not discontinued) from the Products table. The view is created with the following SQL:
CREATE VIEW [Current Product List] AS
SELECT ProductID,ProductName
FROM Products
WHERE Discontinued=No
We can query the view above as follows:
SELECT * FROM [Current Product List]
Another view from the Northwind sample database selects every product in the Products table that has a unit price that is higher than the average unit price:
CREATE VIEW [Products Above Average Price] AS
SELECT ProductName,UnitPrice
FROM Products
WHERE UnitPrice>(SELECT AVG(UnitPrice) FROM Products)
We can query the view above as follows:
SELECT * FROM [Products Above Average Price]
Another example view from the Northwind database calculates the total sale for each category in 1997. Note that this view selects its data from another view called "Product Sales for 1997":
CREATE VIEW [Category Sales For 1997] AS
SELECT DISTINCT CategoryName,Sum(ProductSales) AS CategorySales
FROM [Product Sales for 1997]
GROUP BY CategoryName
We can query the view above as follows:
SELECT * FROM [Category Sales For 1997]
We can also add a condition to the query. Now we want to see the total sale only for the category "Beverages":
SELECT * FROM [Category Sales For 1997]
WHERE CategoryName='Beverages'
SQL Quick Reference
________________________________________
SQL Quick Reference from W3Schools. Print it, and fold it in your pocket.
________________________________________
SQL Syntax
Statement Syntax
AND / OR SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
AND
OR condition
ALTER TABLE (add column) ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype
ALTER TABLE (drop column) ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name
AS (alias for column) SELECT column_name AS column_alias
FROM table_name
AS (alias for table) SELECT column_name
FROM table_name AS table_alias
BETWEEN SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
BETWEEN value1 AND value2
CREATE DATABASE CREATE DATABASE database_name
CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)
CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type,
column_name2 data_type,
.......
)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)
CREATE VIEW CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
DELETE FROM DELETE FROM table_name
(Note: Deletes the entire table!!)
or
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE condition
DROP DATABASE DROP DATABASE database_name
DROP INDEX DROP INDEX table_name.index_name
DROP TABLE DROP TABLE table_name
GROUP BY SELECT column_name1,SUM(column_name2)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name1
HAVING SELECT column_name1,SUM(column_name2)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name1
HAVING SUM(column_name2) condition value
IN SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
IN (value1,value2,..)
INSERT INTO INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2,....)
or
INSERT INTO table_name
(column_name1, column_name2,...)
VALUES (value1, value2,....)
LIKE SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
LIKE pattern
ORDER BY SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name [ASC
DESC]
SELECT SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
SELECT * SELECT *
FROM table_name
SELECT DISTINCT SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
SELECT INTO
(used to create backup copies of tables) SELECT *
INTO new_table_name
FROM original_table_name
or
SELECT column_name(s)
INTO new_table_name
FROM original_table_name
TRUNCATE TABLE
(deletes only the data inside the table) TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
UPDATE UPDATE table_name
SET column_name=new_value
[, column_name=new_value]
WHERE column_name=some_value
WHERE SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
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